Q1:- Write short answer of the following question.(b) Is reservation for Economically weaker section (EWS) justified? comment (8 marks)
Introduction
Reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) in India is a contentious issue that has sparked significant debate. The policy aims to provide affirmative action for individuals from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, irrespective of caste, creed, or community. This critically examines the justification for EWS reservations in the Indian context.
Historical Context
Historically, reservation policies in India were primarily designed to address social and educational backwardness, predominantly among Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC). These measures aimed to correct historical injustices and provide these communities with opportunities for social mobility.
Constitutional and Legal Framework
The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019, introduced the provision for EWS reservation, adding Article 15(6) and 16(6) to the Indian Constitution. This amendment allows for a 10% reservation in educational institutions and government jobs for individuals from EWS, who are not covered under existing reservations for SC, ST, and OBC categories.
Justification for EWS Reservation
- Addressing Economic Inequality:
- EWS reservation aims to tackle economic disparities in society. By providing reservations based on economic criteria, the policy seeks to uplift individuals who, despite belonging to the general category, face economic hardships and lack access to opportunities.
- Inclusivity and Social Justice:
- The EWS reservation promotes inclusivity by extending affirmative action benefits beyond traditional caste-based reservations. It acknowledges that economic disadvantage can be a significant barrier to social mobility, irrespective of caste or community.
- Educational and Employment Opportunities:
- By reserving seats in educational institutions and government jobs, EWS reservation provides economically disadvantaged individuals with greater access to quality education and stable employment, which are crucial for breaking the cycle of poverty.
Criticisms of EWS Reservation
- Deviation from Historical Injustices:
- Critics argue that reservations were originally intended to address social and educational backwardness due to historical discrimination. They contend that extending reservations based on economic criteria dilutes the original purpose of affirmative action.
- Economic Criteria and Identification Challenges:
- Determining economic eligibility can be complex and prone to manipulation. The criteria for identifying EWS may not always effectively target the most deserving individuals, leading to potential misuse and exclusion of genuinely needy candidates.
- Overburdening the Reservation System:
- Introducing EWS reservations adds another layer to an already extensive reservation system. Critics argue that this could lead to further fragmentation and could potentially undermine the merit-based selection process.
- Potential for Political Exploitation:
- There are concerns that EWS reservation could be politically motivated, used as a tool to garner votes from economically disadvantaged sections of society. This raises questions about the long-term effectiveness and intent behind the policy.
Conclusion
The reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) is justified to the extent that it addresses economic disparities and promotes inclusivity in education and employment opportunities. However, the implementation of this policy must be carefully monitored to ensure that it genuinely benefits the economically disadvantaged without diluting the essence of social justice embedded in the reservation system. Balancing economic criteria with the historical context of social discrimination remains a critical challenge in achieving an equitable and just society.
